Circumferential Neural Interfacing

Feb 16, 2026 · 1 min read

Circumferential Neural Interface
Circumferential interface wrapping around neural structures

Overview

Circumferential neural interfaces are thin, malleable, low-impedance devices that wrap completely around neural structures to achieve high-resolution bidirectional interfacing without penetrating nerve tissue.

Nerve Implants

We have developed a circumferential interface for recording sensory signals and delivering motor stimulation to peripheral nerves at sub-fascicular resolutions.

Circumferential Nerve Interface - 4 Electrode Array
Multi-electrode array positioned circumferentially around peripheral nerve

Sub-Fascicular Stimulation Results
Sub-fascicular stimulation targeting individual nerve fascicles

A. Carnicer-Lombarte, A. J. Boys, A. Güemes et al. Ultraconformable cuff implants for long-term bidirectional interfacing of peripheral nerves at sub-nerve resolutions. Nat. Commun. 15, 7523 (2024). DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51988-1

Spinal Cord Implants

The i360 technology is the first interface for simultaneous recording and stimulation around the perimeter of the spinal cord.

i360 Anatomical Implantation
Anatomical view of i360 device (blue square) positioned around spinal cord (pink circle)

i360 Device Detail
Device structure enabling 360-degree coverage

Signal Detection Schematic
Circumferential electrodes detecting ascending and descending neural signals

B. J. Woodington et al. Flexible circumferential bioelectronics to enable 360-degree recording and stimulation of the spinal cord. Sci. Adv. 10, eadl1230 (2024). DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adl1230

Circumferential Neural Interfacing Peripheral Nerve Spinal Cord Flexible Bioelectronics